Burner



June 26, 1945. L, J, KRAPS 2,379,161

BURNER I Filed Dec. 2 1942 0 Z J 4? J8 Patented June 26, 1945 v BURNER ILeo J. Kraps, an, Beach, cam. Application December 28, 1942, Serial No.470,324

2 Claims. (CL 299-120) This invention relates to fluid'fuel burners andrelates more particularly to burners intended primarily for the handlingof oil. A general object of this invention is to provide a practical,effective dual range or dual .action, oil burner.

Oil burners designed for the mechanical atomization of the fuel arewidely used and some burners of this type are intended to operatethroughout a wide range of fuel consumption. A common defect of suchburners is their inability to operate at very low capacities. In actualpractice low capacity operation is often necessary. For example, whenall the burners in a furnace are required to be kept in service under"banked conditions or light load. The inability of the prior burners tooperate effectively under such conditions of necessity limits theirapplica-. tion or use.

Another object of this invention is to provide a fluid fuel burnereffective in producing mechanical atomization of the fuel which ischaracterized by an improved construction and arrangement of partseffective for very low capacity operation as well as operationthroughout a wide range of higher fuel capacity.

Another object of this invention is to provide a burner of the characterreferred to in which there is a novel and effective arrangement andcombination of parts embodying an auxiliary or low range tip, within thehigh range tip of the burner, fed from a line independent of the .highcapacity or main burner tip and capable of use independently of and inconjunction with the main burner tip.

The various objects and features of my invention will be fullyunderstood from the following detailed description of a typicalpreferred form and application of the invention, throughout whichdescription reference is made to the accompanying drawing in which:

Fig. l is a longitudinal, detailed sectional view of the burner andFigs. 2 and 3 are fragmentary,

- transverse detailed sectional views taken as indicated by lines, 2-2and 33, respectively, on

Fig. 1.

The fuel burner provided by the present invention maybe said tocomprise, generally, a barrel III, a main'or high capacity burner tipmeans I I on the barrel, and an auxiliary or low capacity burner tipmeans I2 in the high capacity burner tip means.

The barrel 10 forms a support for the high capacity tip means II and mayserve as,a conduit for the fuel, steam, air or other fluid to besupplied to the high capacity tip means. The barrel l may be in the formof an elongate tube or pipe and may be suitably mounted at the boiler,furnace, or the like. The longitudinal fluid opening B of the barrel I0extends forwardly to the outer end of the barrel to carry the fluid tothe high capacity tip means. The outer end portion of the barrel I0 isreduced in external diameter and is threaded to form a stem M. Theextreme outer end of the barrel l3 has a .bevelled or pitched annularseat l6 at its inner comer. A cap I6 is threaded on the stem I4 tosecure or retain the burner tip assemblies on the barrel. The cap l6 hasan internal annular flange H in its outer end presenting a bevelled orpitched inner face.

The high capacity burner tip means H comprises a plug or body I8arranged in the outer portion of the barrel l0 and the cap l6. The bodyI8 is concentrically disposed in the outer portion of the barrel openingl3 and hasa head I9 that is received in the cap l6 with suitableclearance. A pitched seating face 20 on the head I9 conforms to andbears on the seat l5 of the barrel Ill. The outer end of the body headI9 is spaced well within the cap l6 and is flat and normal to thelongitudinal axis of the assem- 'bly. The body I8 is spaced from thewall of the fluid opening 13 in the barrel l0 leaving an annular fluidpassage 2|. Spaced axial openings 22 continue outwardly through the head18 from the passage 2| and are parts of a system of ports for carryingfuel and other fluid to the outlet'of the high capacity tip means I I. Acentral longitudinal socket 23 is provided in the outer endof the headHi to receiveelements of the low capacity burner tip means l2, as willbe later described.

The high capacity tip means ll further includes what I will term themain tip or outer tip 24. The outer tip 24 is arranged within the outerportion of the cap "5 and has a bevelled external annular surface 25engaged by the pitched inner face of the cap flange II. The inner end ofthe main or outer tip 24 is in spaced parallel relation to the outer endof the body l8. A central whirling chamber 26 is formed in the inner endof the main tip 24. The chamber 26 is cylindrical at its inner end andhas a conical or pitched wall that converges outwardly toward thedischarge orifice 21 of the main tip. The outer end of the main tip 24may have a flaring socket 28 joining the orifice 2 1. The oriflce 21 ispreferably in concentric relation with the longitudinalaxis of theassembly. An annular fluid groove 29'is provided in the inner end of themain tip 24 to receive fluid from the axial openings 22, as will belater described. A plurality of circumferentially spaced ports 36 extendfrom the groove 29 to the whirling chamber 26. The ports 30 aretangential with respect to the cylindrical wall of the chamber 26 sothat the fluid discharged from them imparts a whirling or circularmotion to the fluid in the chamber 26 to assist in the atomization ofthe fluid under pressure.

The auxiliary or low capacity. tip means I2 is a feature of theinvention. The means 12 includes a plate or disc 32 interposed betweenthe body l6 and tip 24. With the dual tip assembly arranged in positionso that the surface i bears on the seat 20 the cap I! is threaded on thestem l4 so that the main tip 24 is clamped against the disc 32 and thedisc in turn is clamped against the outer end of the body l6. Thus thecap l6 serves to retain the entire assembly. An annular groove 33 isprovided in the inner side of the disc 32 and connects the spaced portsor openings 22. Axial openings 34 extend outwardly from the groove 33 tocommunicate with the groove 29. This completes the port system forsupplying fluid to the whirling chamber 26 of the high capacity tip.

A central opening 35 is provided in the disc 32 and a low capacityburner tip .36 is threaded through the opening. The inner portion of thetip 36 is enlarged to fit the socket 23. The tip 36 has a reduced ortapering outer portion projecting forwardly through the whirling chamber26. A longitudinal opening 31 extends forwardly through the low capacitytip 36. The

major portion of the opening 31 has walls which taper or convergeforwardly to an orifice 38 which discharges at the forward end of thetip 36. As illustrated, it is preferred to have the orifice 38 disposedwithin the high capacity orifice 21. The forward end portion of the tip36 is received in the orifice 21 with substantial clearance leaving anample annular passage for the discharge of the fluid through the highcapacity orifice 21. The inner end of the opening 31 in the low capacitytip 36 is closed by a plug 39.

The means for supplying the fuel or other fluid to the auxiliary or lowcapacity burner-tip means l2 includes a conduit or pipe 40 extendingforwardly through the opening l3 in the barrel III. The pipe 40 isreceived in the opening l3 with substantial clearance leaving an ampleannular passage for the fluid which is delivered to the main or highcapacity tip means II. The forward end of the pipe 40 is threaded in anopening 4| in the body I8. The opening 4| continues forwardly to jointhe socket 23. Circumferen tially spaced grooves 42 are provided in theside wall of the socket 23 and extend forwardly to an annular externalgroove 43 in the tip 36. Ports- 44 extend inwardly from the groove 43 tothe whirling chamber 31 of the auxiliary tip 36. The ports 44 arepreferably substantially tangential with respect to the wall of thewhirling chamber 31 so that thefluid issuing from them imparts acircular or whirling motion to the fluid in the chamber. It will be seenthat fluid supplied to the pipe 40 passes forwardly through the opening4! and the socket 23 and then flows through thegrooves 42 to the ports44 to discharge into the whirling chamber 31.

It is belieyed that the operation of the dual range burner will bereadily understood. For high or substantial capacity operation fuelunder pressure is supplied to the opening l3 and passes forwardlythrough the passage 2|, the openings 22, the groove 33, the openings 34,and the groove 28 to discharge through the ports 30 into the whirlingchamber 26. The rapidly whirling fuel discharges from the chamber 26through the main orifice 21. During such high or substantial capacityoperation it may be desired to supply fuel, air, steam or other'fluid tothe auxiliary tip 36 to increase the capacity of the burner or to assistin the heating, atomization or combustion of the fuel being dischargedfrom the main orifice 21. The fluid for the auxiliary tip means 12passes forwardly through the pipe 40, the opening 4| and the socket 23and then flows through the grooves 42 to the ports 44. The fluid issuingfrom the ports 44 imparts a whirling motion to the fluid in the chamber31 and this whirling fluid under pressure discharges from the orifice38.

For low capacity operation of the burner fuel is delivered to the pipe40 under a selected pressure to be discharged from the orifice 33 of thelow capacity tip means 12 for atomization and combustion. During suchlow capacity operation it is unnecessary to supply fuel to the main tipmeans II. If desired, however, air, steam, or other fluid under pressuremay be supplied to the opening l3 to be discharged from the main orifice21 to assist in the heating, atomization and combustion of the fuel.being discharged from the orifice 36 of the low capacity tip means.

It is to be observed that the auxiliary or low capacity tip means l2constitutes a simple, compact unit that may be readily assembled orembodied in a conventional burner. The inclusion of the low capacity tipmeans requires but little alteration in the general structure of theburner.

Having described only a typical preferred form and application of myinvention, 1' do not wish to be limited or restricted by the specificdetails herein set forth, but wish to reserve to myself any variationsor modifications that may appear to those skilled in the art or fallwithin thescope of the following claims:

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. A burner for use on a tubular barrel including a body to be engagedon the end of the barrel, the body having a socket inits .outer end, a.main tip spaced outwardly from the body having means forming a whirlchamber and an orifice concentric with the socket, a disc engagedbetween the inner side of the main tip and the outer side of the bodyand having a central opening concentric with the socket, and a secondarytip secured in said opening and extending rearwardly into and fittingsaid socket and extending forwardly into said chamber.

2. A burner for use on a tubular barrel including a body to be engagedon a seat at the forward end of the barrel, the body having a socket inits outer endhaving longitudinal side channels, a main tip spacedoutwardly from the body having means forming a whirl chamber and acentral discharge orifice, a disc engaged between the inner side of themain tip and the outer side of the body and having a central opening, anut threaded on the barrel and clamping the main tip inwardly againstthe disc, a secondary tip secured in said opening to extend rearwardlyinto and fitting the socket and exsocket. LEO J. KRAPS.

